Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount. The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶. The results show that the change of the amount of protrusions has little effect on the static pressure in the cavity, and the static pressure change near the sealing ring is almost negligible. But the total pressure and sealing efficiency increase first and then decrease with the increase of the amount of protrusion. The variation of power consumption is the same. A complex vortex structure will appear at the high radius region when the protrusion is installed. On the other hand, the protrusion can effectively reduce the minimum sealing flow of the rotor–stator cavity. Furthermore, considering the sealing efficiency and power consumption, the best range of the protrusion amount is about 36. The ratio near this range can optimally balance the alleviation of the gas ingestion and the reduction of the power consumption.     

等离子体助燃下超燃支板燃烧室燃烧特性数值研究

为了将支板喷注器与等离子体射流这两种促进超声速燃烧室燃烧的方式结合起来,设计了一种带有等离子体射流喷孔的支板燃烧室,并在超声速来流的条件下,针对燃料喷注总压、燃料喷注位置、等离子体射流介质、等离子体射流总压对燃烧室燃烧性能的影响进行了三维数值模拟。研究发现:增大燃料的喷注总压,燃烧室的燃烧范围明显增大,燃烧效率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,在燃料喷注总压为2.0MPa时,燃烧效率达到最大值90.4%;不同的燃料喷注位置对燃烧室的燃烧范围影响较小;等离子体射流介质为O2时,燃烧效率最高,燃烧范围最广;提高等离子体射流的喷注总压,能够提升凹腔剪切层高度,有效促进燃烧,但同时也带来了更高的总压损失。     

Aerodynamic performance enhancement for flapping airfoils by co-flow jet

Introducing active flow control into the design of flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. In this paper, a novel active flow control technology called Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) is applied to flapping airfoils. The effect of CFJ on aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoils at low Reynolds number is numerically investigated using Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) simulation with Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. Numerical methods are validated by a NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil case and a S809 pitching airfoil case. Then NACA6415 baseline airfoil and NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil with jet-off and jet-on are simulated in flapping motion, with Reynolds number 70,000 and reduced frequency 0.2. As a result, CFJ airfoils with jet-on generally have better lift and thrust characteristics than baseline airfoils and jet-off airfoil when C_μ is greater than 0.04, which results from the CFJ effect of reducing flow separation by injecting high-energy fluid into boundary layer. Besides, typical kinematic and geometric parameters, including the reduced frequency and the positions of the suction and injection slot, are systematically studied to figure out their influence on aerodynamic performance of the CFJ airfoil. And a variable C_μ jet control strategy is proposed to further improve effective propulsive efficiency. Compared with using constant C_μ, an increase of effective propulsive efficiency by 22.6% has been achieved by using prescribed variable C_μ for NACA6415-based CFJ airfoil at frequency 0.2. This study may provide some guidance to performance enhancement for Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (FMAV).     

多面体网格在静气动弹性计算中的应用

介绍了多面体网格技术在静气动弹性问题中的应用.基于M6算例和径向基函数插值法,探究了多面体网格的CFD计算效率和变形能力,使用AGARD445.6机翼进行了静气动弹性数值计算.结果表明,多面体网格具有计算效率高、变形能力强、计算结果准确等优点,可适用于静气动弹性问题的数值计算.     

小型无人机气动参数辨识的新型HGAPSO算法

针对小型无人机(UAVs)研制中操稳特性和飞行控制律设计评估对气动参数辨识的需求,提出了一种混合遗传粒子群优化算法(HGAPSO)。该算法以粒子群优化算法(PSO)为主体,在粒子优化路径中,引入遗传算法(GA)的交叉变异操作,增强粒子群跳出局部最优的能力;同时采用Kent映射改进粒子种群的初始化,使初始种群在可行解空间内分布更加均匀,增强全局优化能力。基于仿真结果,依据辨识准度及辨识成功率,对比了HGAPSO、常规PSO和GA优化算法气动参数辨识的结果,然后用蒙特卡洛仿真测试随机观测噪声的影响,结果表明该算法兼备PSO算法高的搜索效率和GA算法的全局优化能力,对随机观测噪声不敏感。最后,通过设计小型UAV试飞示例进行综合应用评价,结果表明:HGAPSO算法基于真实试飞数据进行气动参数辨识取得了满意结果,具有良好的实用性。     

飞秒激光能量密度对镍基合金重铸层和加工效率的影响

以航空发动机叶片制孔为导向,结合飞秒激光对单晶镍基高温合金材料的非热熔性损伤阈值(Φth1)和热熔性损伤阈值(Φth2)特征,研究了飞秒激光能量密度(0Φ44.2J/cm2)对制孔重铸层和加工效率的影响规律。研究结果表明:在Φth1ΦΦth2时,镍基合金经飞秒激光加工后加工侧壁没有出现明显的重铸物;在ΦΦth2时,加工侧壁开始出现重铸物,并随着能量密度的增加,重铸层厚度增大。在试验结果的基础上,建立了飞秒激光单脉冲加工深度与能量密度的定量关系。能量密度越高,飞秒激光单脉冲加工深度越大,加工效率越高。     

Three-dimensional numerical analysis on combustion performance and flow of hybrid rocket motor with multi-segmented grain

This paper presents the combustion characteristics in hybrid rocket motors with multi-segmented grain through three-dimensional numerical simulations. Multi-segmented grain is composed of several thin grains with two or more ports. The numerical model consists of Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence, solid fuel pyrolysis, chemical reactions, a fluid–solid coupling model and a regression rate model. The simulations adopt 90% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) and PolyEthylene (PE) as the propellant combination. The effects of the rotation, port number, fuel grain segment number and mid-chamber length on the flow field and combustion performances are analyzed. The results indicate that the multi-segmented grain configuration can strengthen the flow field, and the regression rate and combustion efficiency are enhanced. Take the cases with two grain segments and three ports for example, the regression rate is increased by 32.4%−45.1% and the combustion efficiency increases by 6%−8.6% in different rotation angles.     

基于任务的微机电惯性系统规模化测试技术研究

针对传统惯性测试技术测试周期长、测试效率低、测试成本高等问题，提出了基于任务的微机电惯性系统规模化测试解决方案。研究分析了微机电惯性系统测试技术的研究现状和发展趋势，建立了基于任务的微机电惯性系统测试体系，详细论证了微机电惯性系统批量、并行、自动化测试解决方案的可行性，为微机电惯性系统规模化测试实践奠定了基础。     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.